Linguistic features that distinguish regional and social varieties of Essay

Linguistic features that distinguish regional and social varieties of English - Essay Example These variations constitute the dialects of the people. Many factors have influenced to develop a standard form of language in all major speech communities. These in turn have been used as the official dialects of the communities. (The Columbia electronic encyclopedia,2006) The official dialect usually differs from the day to day language, it has some "officiality" in it which would contain certain standards of grammar, pronunciations etc. The standard English of England is derived from London English. A person is marked as cultivated in the United states which entails usage of standard grammar and pronunciation. Also the degree of politeness of a person is judged by the efficiency with which he or she speaks the standard language. Sometimes ordinary speech can be affected by the standard language. Hence some usages would tend to be incorrect such as "you was" in place of "you were" etc. Similarly "gotten" is accepted in United States but not in England. Similarly "Gotten" is accepted by the United States but not in England. Also the standard of linguistic variations are mainly because of vocabulary. Language changes have traditionally been treated as processes constrained by internal linguistic factors. According to this view, language contacts have b een perceived as disturbing factors. Therefore, explaining language change requires new analytical ways of modelling contact, in which both internal and external factors are closely investigated. Studying language-internal processes requires a fundamental knowledge of sociolinguistic, textual and regional factors, since all variation-based analytical and explanatory models of language change rely on the idea of a combined effect of all factors. Another important insight is to be able to connect the latest language changes with historical ones. Hence, the concept of grammaticalization offers a productive starting point for analyses of language changes that span several hundred years. Linguistics Linguistics is the study of language on a scientific basis. Linguistics can be theoretical and applied. Linguistics compares languages (comparative linguistics) and explores their histories, in order to find universal properties of language and to account for its development and origins (historical linguistics). Slightly separate from general linguistics are the sub-fields of phonology, which studies the role of sounds in particular languages, and phonetics, the study of how sounds are produced and perceived. Linguistics are widely used to understand the variations of languages. Regional variation in English Everyone speaks some form of regional dialect a variety of a language that differs in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary from those spoken in other regions. In this sense, a region implies a construct of social and historical facts as well as a geographic area. The shared linguistic features that make up a regional dialect include historical facts of migration and community experience, social facts of ethnic identity, and geographic facts of climate and terrain. Each regional dialect also includes a number of social dialects that reflect the age, education, social class, and ethnic identity of its speakers. In England various dialects are spoken region wise like Scottish gaelic , Irish

Social Performance Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Performance Part 2 - Essay Example Companies have set up a code of conduct which ensures smooth operations hence success. Different codes of conduct are used such as Legal and Ethical Responsibility to the Company (Atkins, 2006). This code has further divisions such as Responsibility for Compliance whereby the stakeholders of the company have the responsibility to read and understand this code and to abide by it in both spirit and letter. All records, information and data owned and used by the company must be complete and accurate at all times as explained in the records and reporting (Atkins, 2006). The code of Proper Use of Company Assets gives the employees of various power companies the responsibility of protecting the Company’s assets against misuse, theft and loss (Balmer, 1983). The second code of conduct among the similar power companies is the Additional Legal and Ethical Responsibilities which include commodity marketing and trading whereby they are complying with the set marketing rules (Atkins, 2006). The environment Commitment code enables the company to conduct its business in a manner which is environmentally friendly (Balmer, 1983). The company must comply with the environmental regulations, laws and standards. Privacy of employee information encourages confidentiality of employee’s information (Atkins, 2006). Code of Intellectual Property gives protection to the company’s intellectual property in accordance with federal and state laws (Balmer, 1983). The Antitrust Code is designed to protect consumers from unfair business arrangements and to preserve competition among enterprises (Balmer, 1983). In the Code of Conflicts of Interests, the employees must be careful so that they are not involved in activities that may conflict with their abilities to take action that are useful to the company (Balmer, 1983). The most vital one is the compliance with other rules, laws and regulations such as

Oligation portfolio(Law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oligation portfolio(Law) - Essay Example Contract Law is one of the branches of this law. The Law of Obligations and Contracts deals with the obligations, rights and duties concerning with agreements and contracts. Public law is a set of discipline empowering by public bodies which include government departments, local authorities and many more. We can say that this law deals with the state. Examples of this law are these two: tax law and criminal law. Assault, fraud, murder and theft are just four of the examples of crimes. I have read news published on April 5, 2010 by someone not mentioned. He gave an example of a crime happened during the 19th century which was a test of necessity. The Mignonette sank and the three crew members and Richard Parker, a young cabin boy were trapped in a raft. The young cabin boy was closed to death. Due to hunger, the crew killed and ate the poor young boy. The crew survived and were rescued but put on trial for murder. They argued that it was necessary to kill the sick young cabin boy for them to survive. The crew members were sentence to death but many complained that it was just right to preserve their lives. At first they were sentenced to hang but many people are in favor of them. Those people agreed that it is right to preserve lives though it means killing one. In the end, they were only sentenced to six months to jail. It was right to save lives, but saving lives doesn’t mean killing one. It was so sad to think that the crew members agreed to kill the 17 year old cabin boy and ate his flesh just to survive from hunger. They did not even think of other ways on how to survive on this situation. Maybe they thought that this child will just soon die so they decided to kill him. They did not even think that this child may survive from the sickness. It did not come to their minds that it would be happier if all of them will survive with the help of each other. Instead of killing him, they must suppose to offer some comfort to the child. They

Marketing trend (Importance of brand identity) Assignment

Marketing trend (Importance of brand identity) - Assignment Example These brands tend to fill the market, and consumers become aware of their presence (Higham, 2009). They, therefore, tend to become loyal to familiar brands. This paper will examine the effect marketing trends have on external factors of consumer decision making, and the impact of such trends on a consumer’s buying process. Marketing is happening all around the world. It affects the daily decision-making processes of consumers. Some of the external factors are affected by marketing since it is the marketer’s job to try and influence purchasing decisions among consumers. These factors rely solely on the external environment, and what other people perceive of products and their brands. One such factor that affects decision-making is the culture that surrounds every individual (Higham, 2009). One cannot ignore the fact that where people spend most of their time can largely affect purchasing decisions. Despite the marketing trends, people can choose to remain indifferent to some of the products in the market. This may be due to the perception created by their peers. Reference groups, as one might call them, can influence purchasing decisions made on a daily basis (Higham, 2009). Marketing trends are usually out to loosen the cultural hold these perceptions have on consumers. In doing so, consumers are likely to adopt new and different thoughts about the products sold. After realising the market opportunities, marketers are often keen to tell consumers what they want to hear. They traverse the market and give consumers the attention they need. Some of the buying processes are affected by the presence of internal factors. These include the purchase situations that exist among products, and the attitude towards a product. These are often changed and manipulated to suit the immediate environment by marketers when trying to market their products (Higham, 2009). The steps affected most by the trends include perception. Consumers

Homeland Security Alert In Lax And Other State Airports Essay Example for Free

Homeland Security Alert In Lax And Other State Airports Essay To overcome the increasing terrorists’ threats in most commercial airports many countries have boosted on their airports security both at home and abroad. Many countries especially Western have experienced many terrorist attack. This has forced them to invent on various alert measures to control these attacks mostly to their airports. Through Transportation Security Administration officers, Los Angeles have stepped forward to scrutiny their passengers and aeroplanes in their airport (Krikorian and Shogren, January 02, 2004). This action has been motivated by particular terror plot bringing about more concern on common remote control toys that are useful in denoting terrorists’ bombs. Aviation authorities in different countries have decided on carrying devices on carry-on bags. Passengers with remote control are subject to intense search. Remote control toys are the most devices used in lax and other airports. Air passengers face heightened security which is geared against possible grandiose terrorist attack. Los Angeles and other country’s government are doing everything to protect their country (Sauter and Carafano, 2005, p. 2). Transport Security Administration inspectors in airports in major cities like Los Angeles are emphasizing on passenger’s screening and their languages. There has been extra watchfulness with an appeal to Los Angeles and other nations not to forgo travel plans in their airports than other transports. There is need for alerts in airports; this should be done through air marshals especially on flights arriving from overseas and undercover observation around airports. Not only lax but also other airports have been on â€Å"Orange Alert† (Oldham, January 23, 2004). There are many places that competes Los Angeles in their potential targets both symbolic and substantial. For better protection against terrorism in airports the main prevention of the attack, always there should understand of the vulnerability that translates to threat. Co-coordinating of anti-terrorism efforts among local airports law enforcement agencies and Joint Terrorism Task Force has been adapted in Lax. They have tried as much as they can to plan and monitor means of preventing terrorism (Byman, 2008, p. 75). Cameras to monitor suspicious activity in airports with pilots completing terrorism awareness training have been adopted in most airports. All airport employees have been trained on security procedures with police increasing their patrol. Gas detection system has been improved to identify biological and chemical toxic. In airlines cockpit doors and locomotive doors has been adopted. There is also screening of passengers and their luggage. Los Angeles has identified potential facilities on terrorist attacks and established security plans. Different agencies through FBI, police departments and sheriff have teamed up to create Joint Regional Intelligence Center in which they can collect, share and analyze intelligence data on terrorism. More anti-chemical suits are required to protect airports from chemical attacks (Hutagalung, November 29, 2008). There is local law enforcement and fire agencies which uses different radio systems. Los Angeles has not established a comprehensive plan on evacuating large number of people in case of chemical or nuclear attack. There is computer software that records routine location and canine search at airports. Police offers data on possible terrorists’ targets and relative significance. These data is subject to change incase of security breach or suspicious activity (Oldham, January 23, 2004). Conclusion Like other airports, lax has been subject to federal rules mandating barriers perimeter around all facilities. A team for handling homeland security has been established incorporating different agencies. Improvement of security in communications, transportation and public infrastructure utilities have expanded ability of different countries in detecting and responding to terrorism. They have better trained those who are called on for first response in contaminated environment. Lax and other airports have tightened their security in response to terrorist. They have raised security alerts to the highest possible level as an indication that terrorist attack are coming up. Some measures are visible and others are not.

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay The term perpetual motion exactly refers to the movement that goes forever. However the term usually refers to any device that Always produces more energy than it consumes that ultimately results in a net output of energy for indefinite time. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to this law there could not be any such kind of machine in existence. The most commonly contemplated type of perpetual motion machine is a mechanical system which sustains motion indefinitely, regardless of losing energy to  friction  and  air resistance. A second type of impossible perpetual motion machine is one which does not violate conservation of energy, but produces work by spontaneously extracting  heat  from its surroundings, thereby cooling them down, and converting the heat energy into mechanical work. Such machines are prohibited by the  second law of thermodynamics. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE The perpetual motion machine violates both first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy while the second law has so many different kinds of definitions, and can be described in many ways. The most common definition of second law is heat always flows from hot body to colder body. No heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine Machines which are claimed not to violate either of the two laws of thermodynamics but rather to generate energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines. By way of example, it is possible to design a clock or other low-power machine, such as Coxs timepiece, which runs on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. Such a machine has a source of energy, albeit one from which it is impractical to produce power in quantity. CLASSIFICATION OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF FIRST ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF THIRD ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER Impossible machines. Our second kind is of machines that challenge logic; like the drawings of Maurice Escher, where water runs perpetually downhill, but in a closed cycle. In fact, Escher did make one drawing of a waterwheel run perpetually in such a flow (See Figure ). Another impossible machine has weights of magnitude 9 on one side which become of weight 6 on the other when the weights turn upside-down It is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics. This type of machine is different from real heat engines (such as car engines), which always involve a transfer of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder one, the latter being warmed up in the process. In a perpetual motion machine of the second kind there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is not possible, according to the second law of thermodynamics. In relevance, for example, an automobile engine is not a perpetual motion machine because it works on the basis of the temperature difference between the fuel burning in the cylinder and the cooler environment outside. In order so that it functions, some of the chemical energy released as heat when the fuel burns must not be converted to work, but must be exhausted to the cooler reservoir of the environment by the exhaust gas and the radiator. As explained by statistical mechanics, there are far more states in which heat distribution is close to thermodynamic equilibrium than states in which heat is concentrated in small regions, so temperatures will tend to even out over time, reducing the amount of free energy available for conversion to mechanical energy. Why is Perpetual Motion considered to be Impossible? The idea of perpetual motion sounds so clear-cut. An electric car powered by perpetual motion could recharge its own batteries forever, or a perpetual motion clock could without human intervention rewind itself for years. But there is a reason why perpetual motion machines remain in the area of dream; its the Laws of Thermodynamics. Some inventions may appear to run by perpetual motion, but they usually rely on a hidden source of external energy. Both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics keep our perpetual motion car in the garage. According to one portion of the First Law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed to different forms. The batteries which power an electric car only contain a fixed amount of energy. Most of this energy goes into propelling the electric motor, but some is inevitably lost through friction and the recreation of momentum after a stop. Our perpetual motion cars recharger would have to create even more energy in order to keep the batteries at full capacity. No such power generator exists, nor can one be built if the Laws of Thermodynamics are true. The Second Law of Thermodynamics also prevents perpetual motion machines from becoming reality. Part of the Second Law states that heat energy inevitably seeks out cold areas, eventually creating a neutral temperature state called entropy. This means our proposed perpetual motion car will eventually conk out from a lack of usable heat energy. The motor casing gets hot during work, and some of that heat energy would be dissipated into the air, not back into the battery system. Since external factors such as gravity and friction would be constantly pulling on the machine, eventually all of the usable energy would be lost. Perpetual motion machines would only be possible if a substance could be found that generated more energy than it used. Some inventors hoped that radioactive materials would prove to be useful as perpetual motion engines, but their energy is still considered finite. Magnets have also been used to power would-be perpetual motion machines, but their continued operation often requires some external energy source. Gravity is usually considered a force hostile to the cause of perpetual motion, but some inventors use gravity to their advantage when creating theoretical perpetual motion machines. Because scientific laws and theories generally deem perpetual motion impossible, patent offices are extremely reluctant to grant patents for such machines. Proposed perpetual motion machines are the only devices which require a working model at the time of patent application. To date, no inventor has successfully submitted a working model of a true perpetual motion machine MACHINES THAT WORKS ON PERPETUAL MOTION Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, a device that supposedly taps vacuum energy. Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF. Stanley Meyers water fuel cell Motionless Electromagnetic Generator An electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a permanent magnet and a magnetic Core including first and second magnetic paths. A first input coil and a first output coil extend around Portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input coil and a second output coil extend around Portions of the second magnetic path. The input coils are alternatively pulsed to provide induced Current pulses in the output coils. Driving electrical current through each of the input coils reduces a Level of flux from the permanent magnet within the magnet path around which the input coil extends. In an alternative embodiment of an electromagnetic generator, the magnetic core includes annular Spaced-apart plates, with posts and permanent magnets extending in an alternating fashion between the plates. An output coil extends around each of these posts. Input coils extending around portions of the plates are pulsed to cause the induction of current within the output coils. WATER FUEL CELL The water fuel cell is a purported perpetual motion machine invented by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940   March 21, 1998). He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel as a substitute of gasoline. The fuel cell supposedly split water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen was then burned to generate energy, a process that reconstituted the water molecules. According to Meyer, the device required less energy to perform electrolysis than the minimum energy requirement predicted or measured by conventional science. If the device worked as specified, it would violate both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, allowing operation as a perpetual motion machine. Meyers claims about his Water Fuel Cell and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in 1996. Throughout his patents and marketing material, Meyer uses the terms fuel cell or water fuel cell to refer to the portion of his device in which electricity is passed through water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Meyers use of the term in this sense is different towards its usual meaning in science and engineering, in which such cells are typically called electrolytic cells. Furthermore, the term fuel cell is generally reserved for cells which produce electricity from a chemical redox reaction, whereas Meyers fuel cell consumed electricity, as shown in his patents and in the circuit pictured on the left. Meyer describes in a 1990 patent the use of a water fuel cell assembly' and portrays some images of his fuel cell water capacitor. According to the patent, in this case   the term fuel cell refers to a single unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell   that produces the fuel gas in accordance with the method of the invention. REFRENCES US Patent # 6, 362, 718, Motionless Electromagnetic Generator Patrick, et al. (March 26, 2002)

Effect of Technology on Employee Satisfaction

Effect of Technology on Employee Satisfaction Technology and employee attitude, Motivation, Job satisfaction and Health ABSTRACT While creating this report we tried to present technology from different point of view. We can see that the technology has both a positive and negative side in society. Positive in a sense that peoples life cycle is changing. They are motivated to do work. Even the companies can expand their business and can be connected by network with the other branches. Technology development is also seen beneficial for health. New equipments are invented that is causing various maladies to be cured. Technology has a huge impact on performance of people. They are enthusiastic to do any kind of job which is related to the technology. So the help of technology in our life is countless yet since it leads to deskilling. An effect on worker who once needed a skill but no longer needed as it has been taken up by new technology. Technology has made people idle as well as made the work easier and time consuming for the people. In this whole report we basically focused on how technology has impact on indiv idual segment like employee attitude, motivation, job satisfaction and health. A study investigated the effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Attention was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences. The report contains the effect of technology in different sector and how the researchers differentiated those. Here we have added fifteen abstract on the different segments of technology and also discussed those in our own language that what actually we would be able to understand from those abstracts. We also recommended what should be done to enhance technological use more. INTRODUCTION 1. Are the employees satisfied with the new technology? 2. How new technology motivate employee to do their work more? 3. How new technology increase employee motivation? 4. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? 5. How close new technology change employee attitude toward organization? 6. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology)? These are the question which helps us to doing this report. Our main purpose is to know how the new technology satisfied the employee. How new technology motivate employee to do their work more. How new technology increase employee motivation. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? This question basically gives new answers and ideas as well. Answers of these questions will increase organizations productivity as well as will reduce the rate of turnover. When we will enter in our job sector or in the corporate world being as a HR manager it will be easy for us to take the big decisions whether my employees are motivated by the new technology or not, whether they are satisfied with the technological change or not. How employees react with the new technology? This research is not the final as practical experience and the theoretical assessment is totally two different scenarios. METHOD To begin the report, we needed to at fast found some specific question on technology. From there we found some key word. For example technologys relation with motivation, satisfaction, attitude performance, and health .from this topic we found some more to the point questions. Then by browsing through several website like INFORMA WORLD, GOOGLR we found some related abstract of this question. We acknowledged the knowledge of researchers. This is how we made this report. RESULT 1. Science and technology for wealth and health in developing countries Author: T. Acharya a Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Published in: Global Public Health, Volume 2, Issue 1 January 2007 , pages 53 63 Subjects: AIDS HIV; Behavioral Medicine; Development Soc Sci; Globalisation; Health Geography; Health Policy; Medical Sociology; Public Health Medical Sociology; Risk; Third World Studies; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract It is now widely accepted that the developing world needs to invest in science and technology or risk falling behind as the technology gap between the North and South widens. However, these investments must be balanced by continued investment in basic population-wide services, such as healthcare and water supply and sanitation. Achieving this balance is a matter of ongoing debate in policy circles, and leaders and policy-makers in developing countries often have to make difficult decisions that pit investment in new technologies and capacity-building in science and technology against basic population-wide services such as healthcare and water supply and sanitation. The tension is underscored by evidence which suggests that rapidly industrializing economies, like in China, India and Brazil, are actually experiencing a rise in economic and health disparities among their populations. This article shows that science and technology can make an important and vital contribution to developme nt, using public health as an example. It suggests the need to focus investments in science and technology in such a way that they can have a positive impact on public health. For instance, the use of simple, hand-held molecular diagnostic tools can help unskilled health workers rapidly and accurately diagnose diseases, thus helping to reduce healthcare costs due to delayed or incorrect diagnoses. Recombinant vaccines can mitigate the risk of infection associated with live or attenuated vaccines, while needle-less delivery methods can help contain the spread of blood-borne infections. Critical to making technology investments work for population health are government policies and strategies that align public health goals and technology priorities. Such policies can include cross-sectoral training programs to improve dialogue between the technology and health sectors, setting up technology transfer cells to increase commercialization of health research relevant to local needs, and le veraging the phenomenon of low-margin high-volume marketing for health products. 2. A theoretical model of health information technology usage behavior with implications for patient safety Authors: Richard J. Holden ab; Ben-Tzion Karsh a Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Published in: Behaviour Information Technology, Volume 28, Issue 1 January 2009 , pages 21 38 First Published: January 2009 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Primary objective: Much research and practice related to the design and implementation of information technology in health care has been atheoretical. It is argued that using extant theory to develop testable models of health information technology (HIT) benefits both research and practice. Methods and procedures: several theories of motivation, decision making, and technology acceptance are reviewed and associated theory-based principles of HIT usage behaviour are produced. Main outcomes and results: the case of medical error reporting technology is used to support the validity of the proposed HIT usage behaviour principles. Further, combining these principles produces a testable, theoretical multilevel model of HIT usage behaviour. The model provides an alternative to atheoretical research and practice related to HIT. Conclusions: developing, testing, and revising models of HIT like the one presented here is suggested to be beneficial to researchers and practitioners alike. 3. The Effect of New Technologies on Job Satisfaction and Psychosomatic Complaints Authors: James P. Guthrie a; Patrick C. Flood b; Wenchuan Liu c; Sarah MacCurtain Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year Published in: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Volume 20, Issue 1 January 2009 , pages 112 125 Subject: Personnel and Human Resource Management; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract This study investigated the effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Attention was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences. A partly longitudinal research design was used to study 171 employees of seven companies (involved in construction, office work, and simple services). Measurements were taken 2 months before and 12 months after the conversion to new technologies. Job contents and employee participation were measured by objective instruments. New technologies increased psychosomatic complaints and changed job satisfaction, but the degree of change in these two variables depended on job contents, level of employee participation, and gender. Interactions between type of activity, participation, and gender were found and discussed as typical signs of the work situation with new technologies. Furthermore, effects of work with new technologies were interrelated with attitudes and individual differences. While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process. 4. Employee attitudes toward new technology in a unionized manufacturing plant Authors: Laszlo A. Pook a; M. Ellen Pook; Jaacutenos Fuumlstoumls b (Show Biographies) Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Journal of East-West Business, Volume 6, Issue 3 March 2001 , pages 93 110 Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract: The most important elements that influence how employees view technological change within organizations are formal advance notices of new technology, pre-existing job and power structure differences during the implementation of the changes, and work environment. Employee attitudes toward new technology in the workplace are more strongly affected by organizational rather than technical factors as commonly thought. Labor unions, contrary to popular belief, view technological change positively, and can be a contributing factor to the facilitation of change within the firm. 5. Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees strain and job satisfaction Authors: Christian Korunka; Oliver Vitouch Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Work Stress, Volume 13, Issue 4 October 1999 , pages 341 363 Subjects: Behavioral Medicine; Health Psychology; Occupational/Industrial Health Safety; Office Workplace; Work Organizational Psychology; Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees strain responses was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptation dem ands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not 6. The effects of new technology adoption on employee skills in the prosthetics profession Authors: H. Wagner a; A. Dainty b; R. Hague a; C. Tuck a; M. H. Ong a Publication Frequency: 24 issues per year Published in: International Journal of Production Research, Volume 46, Issue 22 November 2008 , pages 6461 6478 First Published: November 2008 Subjects: Logistics; Manufacturing Engineering; Manufacturing Industries; Manufacturing Technology; Operations Management; Production Quality Control Management; Production Research Economics; Production Systems; Production Systems Automation; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Rapid manufacturing (RM) is an emerging technology that is set to revolutionize how products are manufactured. Past research has centred on processes, materials and costing, neglecting the vital issue of how the implementation of this new technology will affect the skills of workers. This work aims to evaluate how the skills of professionals working in the field of prosthetics are likely to be affected by the introduction of RM. Currently a highly skilled, manual process, this paper explores the hypothesis that the manufacture of prosthetic sockets would change fundamentally with the introduction of RM technology. This was evaluated through the use of the job characteristics model, which assesses the skills change and job satisfaction implications of applying new technology to traditional manufacturing processes. Conclusions showed that RM would have a significant impact on job roles in the prosthetics industry. Analysis found a positive outlook for the prosthetist, with the new tech nology increasing computer-based skills, and traditional prosthetic skills continuing to be used. The prosthetic technician bears the major impact 7. Risks in new product development and the satisfaction of Employees through technology Author: O. Joseph Akomode Published in: Production Planning Control, Volume 10, Issue 1 January 1999 , pages 35 47 Subjects: Engineering Project Management; Manufacturing Engineering; Operational Research; Operations Management; Production Quality Control Management; Production Systems; Quality Control Reliability; Abstract quately determined, poorly structured, under evaluated and vaguely expressed, problems may be increased in the subsequent risk management programme. This paper discusses the evaluation of risk elements associated with the development ofnew products/servicesand proposes a risk assessment method/ model for: (a) selecting potential products/services as a When risk factors associated with the development of a new product/service and customers satisfaction are inade tive mechanism; and (b) monitoring and measuring customers satisfaction. The main aims are to assist managers and other professionals with an analytical framework based on the potential of Information Technology (IT) for: (i) effective evaluation of business risks relating to the prediction and development of new products/services; and (ii) monitoring, measurement, feedback and control of customers satisfaction. The proposed method and models include the application of: (a) multicriteria decision making involving the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); (b) statistical computation involving Cronbachs reliability coefficient; and (c) survey validity. The proposed framework may support business risk evaluators concerned with the development of new products/services and the assessment of customers satisfaction in effective decision making, especially when attempting to improve a firms competitiveness and increase its profitability. Keywords: Risk; Evaluation; New; Product; Development; Analytic; Hierarchy; Process; Measuring; Customers; Satisfaction; Reliability/validity 8. The intention behavior gap in technology usage: the moderating role of attitude strength Authors: A. Bhattacherjee a; C. Sanford b b Department of MIS, College of Commerce, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Published in: Behaviour Information Technology First Published on: 29 January 2009 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Abstract Extant theories of information technology (IT) usage present users behavioural intention as the primary predictor of their IT usage behaviour. However, empirical evidence reveals only a low-to-medium effect size for this association. We call this inconsistency the ‘intention-behaviour gap, and argue that a clearer understanding of this gap requires a deeper theoretical examination of the conditions under which intentions may or may not influence behaviour. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. Using the elaboration-likelihood model, we propose two dimensions of attitude strength relevant to the IT usage context personal relevance and related expertise and theorise them to moderate the intention-behaviour association in a positive m anner. Results from a longitudinal field survey of document management system usage among governmental employees at Lviv City Hall, Ukraine support our theoretical hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. 9. The Influence of Technology-Enabled Customer Relationship Management on Customers Attitude toward Service Quality and Loyalty Authors: Hee â€Å"Andy† Lee a; Carolyn U. Lambert b b Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Published in: Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Volume 11, Issue 4 December 2008, pages 363 381 Abstract The main objective of this study was to test empirically the Paraguayan and Growls quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates the importance of relationships between technology and customers, employees, and the company. Survey participants were asked to evaluate scenarios describing a restaurant experience where customized services were provided through information technology and without customized services. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. Keywords: Customer relationship management (CRM); loyalty; service quality; perceived value; quality-value-loyalty chain model 10. Office Technology and Employee Attitudes Authors: Ronald Graef a; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi a; Susan McManama Gianinno a Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Leisure Studies, Volume 2, Issue 2 1983 , pages 155 168 Subjects: Leisure Studies; Social Geography; Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract The relationship between office computerization and employee gender and organizational level remains relatively unexplored. Based on earlier findings, this study predicted that individual attitudes towards technology would differ according to social background variables and the type of technology used. A survey of 81 office employees confirmed this and found that personal computers had effects statistically different from word processors and mainframe terminals. The implications for researchers as well as practitioners are discussed 11. Measuring intrinsic motivation in everyday life Authors: Urs E. Gattiker, Barbara A. Gutter ,Dale E. Berger Publication Frequency: 3 issues per year SUBJECT: Office Technology and Employee Attitudes Published in: International Journal of Production Research, Volume 46, Issue 22 November 2006 , pages 461 478 First Published: November 2006 Abstract The question of motivation — of what makes people behave the way they do — has always been a primary concern. Since Thorndikes Law of Effect was published in 1911, the reasons for and the prediction of human (and animal) behavior has been extensively researched. The purpose of this paper is to expand motivational research by applying a newly developed research technology to an area of human behavior that has so far not been studied systematically, namely, everyday experiences. Specifically, we are interested in exploring two basic questions about motivation: 1. how often do people describe their everyday experiences as being free and intrinsically motivating; and 2. what is the relationship between intrinsically rewarding experiences and psychological well-being, or the overall sense of satisfaction with ones life 12. Task technology fit and individual performance Author : Dale L. Goodhue Information and decision sciences University of Minnesota Subject: Task Technology Fit and individual performance Minneapolis. MN 55455 U.S.A Abstract A key concern in information system research has been to better understand the linkage between information system and individual performance. The research reported in this study has two primary objectives. (1) To propose a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates valuable insights from two complementary streams of research and (2) To empirically test the core of the model. At the heart of the new model is the assertion that for an information technology to have a positive impact on individual performance 13. Technologist-entrepreneurs versus non-entrepreneurial technologists: analysis of motivational triggering factors Authors: Erkko Autio a; Ilkka Kauranen a Published in: Entrepreneurship Regional Development, Volume 6, Issue 4 October 1994 , pages 315 328 Subjects: Economic Geography; Entrepreneurship; Regional Geography Human Geography; Abstract Here the motivational characteristics of technologist-entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial technologists are compared. A factor analysis divides entrepreneurial motivations into four groups: exploitation of environmental opportunities, internal personal motivations, technology push motivations, and market pull motivations. The analysis suggests that, of these, internal personal motivations may be decisive for the decision to establish a new firm. While non-entrepreneurial technologists stress the importance of environmental, opportunities, technologist-entrepreneurs stress the importance of internal personal motivations. Technology push motivations and market pull motivations do not seem to distinguish technologist-entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurial technologists. These findings have implications for the efforts to encourage the formation of new, technology-based firms in research communities. It is recommended that, in addition to designing support programmes aimed at encouragi ng researchers to establish new firms, increased effort should be directed at attracting potential entrepreneurs to research institutions. This aim can be achieved, for example, by working conditions in the research institutions emulating those of the science park. 14. The Influence of Technology-Enabled Employee Relationship Management on Employees Attitude Toward Service Quality and Loyalty Authors: Hee â€Å"Andy† Lee a; Carolyn U. Lambert b Published in: Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Volume 11, Issue 4 December 2008 , pages 363 381 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Abstract The main objective of this study was to test empirically the Parasuraman and Grewals quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates the importance of relationships between technology and customers, employees, and the company. Survey participants were asked to evaluate scenarios describing a restaurant experience where customized services were provided through information technology and without customized services. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. 15. The Intention-behavior gap in technology usage: the moderating role of attitude strength Authors: Laszlo A. Pook a; M. Ellen Pook; Jaacutenos Fuumlstoumls b (Show Biographies) Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Journal of East-West Business, Volume 6, Issue 3 March 2001 , pages 93 110 Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Extant theories of information technology (IT) usage present users behavioral intention as the primary predictor of their IT usage behaviour. However, empirical evidence reveals only a low-to-medium effect size for this association. We call this inconsistency the ‘intention-behaviour gap, and argue that a clearer understanding of this gap requires a deeper theoretical examination of the conditions under which intentions may or may not influence behaviour. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. Using the elaboration-likelihood model, we propose two dimensions of attitude strength relevant to the IT usage context personal relevance and related expertise and theorise them to moderate the intention-behaviour association in a positive ma nner. Results from a longitudinal field survey of document management system usage among governmental employees at Lviv City Hall, Ukraine support our theoretical hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. DISCUTION 1. Developing world needs to improve technology to compete with the developed countries and getting the facility of work as well. This article shows that science and technology can make an important and vital contribution to development, using public health as an example. It suggests the need to focus investments in science and technology in such a way that they can have a positive impact on public health This study explained the topic dividing it into 4 parts, (1) Primary objective, (2) . Methods and procedures, (3) Main outcomes and results, (4) Conclusions. Using these three points much research and implication has been completed. several theories of motivation, decision making, and technology acceptance are reviewed and associated theory-based principles of HIT usage behavior are produced 3. Here the main findings is effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Basically it drew the Attention which was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences 4. How employees view technological change within organizations are formal advance notices of new technology, pre-existing job and power structure differences during the implementation of the changes, and work environment that is the prime focus in this abstract. Employee attitudes toward new technology in the workplace are more strongly affected by organizational rather than technical factors as commonly thought. This study is basically context dependent approach where there is a survey on ten companies mentioned here and also mentioned the longitudinal design of Vienna. The implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables; a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. This was evaluated through the use of the job characteristics model, which assesses the skills change and job satisfaction implications of applying new technology to traditional manufacturing processes. The prosthetic technician bears the major impact, deskilled by the loss of many of the craft skills. However, the new role may appeal to the younger generation, and lowered skill requirements may help increase prosthetics services worldwide. The proposed framework may support business risk evaluators concerned with the development of new products/services and the assessment of employee satisfaction in effective decision making, especially when attempting to improve a firms competitiveness and increase its profitability. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. This study predicted that individual attitudes towards technology would differ according to social background variables and the type of technology used 11. The purpose of this paper is to expand motivational research by applying a newly developed research technology to an area of human behavior that has so far not been studied systematically, namely, everyday experiences. Specifically, we are interested in exploring two basic questions about motivation The research reported in this study has two primary objectives. To propose a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates valuable insights from two complementary streams of research and To empirically test the core of the model. At the heart of the new model is the assertion that for an information technology to have a positive impact on individual performance. Technology push motivations and market pull motivations do not seem to distinguish technologist-entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurial technologists. These findings have implications for the efforts to encourage the formation of new, technology-based firms in research communities. To test empirically the Parasuraman and Grewals quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context is the main objective of this study. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates t Effect of Technology on Employee Satisfaction Effect of Technology on Employee Satisfaction Technology and employee attitude, Motivation, Job satisfaction and Health ABSTRACT While creating this report we tried to present technology from different point of view. We can see that the technology has both a positive and negative side in society. Positive in a sense that peoples life cycle is changing. They are motivated to do work. Even the companies can expand their business and can be connected by network with the other branches. Technology development is also seen beneficial for health. New equipments are invented that is causing various maladies to be cured. Technology has a huge impact on performance of people. They are enthusiastic to do any kind of job which is related to the technology. So the help of technology in our life is countless yet since it leads to deskilling. An effect on worker who once needed a skill but no longer needed as it has been taken up by new technology. Technology has made people idle as well as made the work easier and time consuming for the people. In this whole report we basically focused on how technology has impact on indiv idual segment like employee attitude, motivation, job satisfaction and health. A study investigated the effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Attention was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences. The report contains the effect of technology in different sector and how the researchers differentiated those. Here we have added fifteen abstract on the different segments of technology and also discussed those in our own language that what actually we would be able to understand from those abstracts. We also recommended what should be done to enhance technological use more. INTRODUCTION 1. Are the employees satisfied with the new technology? 2. How new technology motivate employee to do their work more? 3. How new technology increase employee motivation? 4. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? 5. How close new technology change employee attitude toward organization? 6. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology)? These are the question which helps us to doing this report. Our main purpose is to know how the new technology satisfied the employee. How new technology motivate employee to do their work more. How new technology increase employee motivation. What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? What are the employee attitudes toward new technology? This question basically gives new answers and ideas as well. Answers of these questions will increase organizations productivity as well as will reduce the rate of turnover. When we will enter in our job sector or in the corporate world being as a HR manager it will be easy for us to take the big decisions whether my employees are motivated by the new technology or not, whether they are satisfied with the technological change or not. How employees react with the new technology? This research is not the final as practical experience and the theoretical assessment is totally two different scenarios. METHOD To begin the report, we needed to at fast found some specific question on technology. From there we found some key word. For example technologys relation with motivation, satisfaction, attitude performance, and health .from this topic we found some more to the point questions. Then by browsing through several website like INFORMA WORLD, GOOGLR we found some related abstract of this question. We acknowledged the knowledge of researchers. This is how we made this report. RESULT 1. Science and technology for wealth and health in developing countries Author: T. Acharya a Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Published in: Global Public Health, Volume 2, Issue 1 January 2007 , pages 53 63 Subjects: AIDS HIV; Behavioral Medicine; Development Soc Sci; Globalisation; Health Geography; Health Policy; Medical Sociology; Public Health Medical Sociology; Risk; Third World Studies; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract It is now widely accepted that the developing world needs to invest in science and technology or risk falling behind as the technology gap between the North and South widens. However, these investments must be balanced by continued investment in basic population-wide services, such as healthcare and water supply and sanitation. Achieving this balance is a matter of ongoing debate in policy circles, and leaders and policy-makers in developing countries often have to make difficult decisions that pit investment in new technologies and capacity-building in science and technology against basic population-wide services such as healthcare and water supply and sanitation. The tension is underscored by evidence which suggests that rapidly industrializing economies, like in China, India and Brazil, are actually experiencing a rise in economic and health disparities among their populations. This article shows that science and technology can make an important and vital contribution to developme nt, using public health as an example. It suggests the need to focus investments in science and technology in such a way that they can have a positive impact on public health. For instance, the use of simple, hand-held molecular diagnostic tools can help unskilled health workers rapidly and accurately diagnose diseases, thus helping to reduce healthcare costs due to delayed or incorrect diagnoses. Recombinant vaccines can mitigate the risk of infection associated with live or attenuated vaccines, while needle-less delivery methods can help contain the spread of blood-borne infections. Critical to making technology investments work for population health are government policies and strategies that align public health goals and technology priorities. Such policies can include cross-sectoral training programs to improve dialogue between the technology and health sectors, setting up technology transfer cells to increase commercialization of health research relevant to local needs, and le veraging the phenomenon of low-margin high-volume marketing for health products. 2. A theoretical model of health information technology usage behavior with implications for patient safety Authors: Richard J. Holden ab; Ben-Tzion Karsh a Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Published in: Behaviour Information Technology, Volume 28, Issue 1 January 2009 , pages 21 38 First Published: January 2009 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Primary objective: Much research and practice related to the design and implementation of information technology in health care has been atheoretical. It is argued that using extant theory to develop testable models of health information technology (HIT) benefits both research and practice. Methods and procedures: several theories of motivation, decision making, and technology acceptance are reviewed and associated theory-based principles of HIT usage behaviour are produced. Main outcomes and results: the case of medical error reporting technology is used to support the validity of the proposed HIT usage behaviour principles. Further, combining these principles produces a testable, theoretical multilevel model of HIT usage behaviour. The model provides an alternative to atheoretical research and practice related to HIT. Conclusions: developing, testing, and revising models of HIT like the one presented here is suggested to be beneficial to researchers and practitioners alike. 3. The Effect of New Technologies on Job Satisfaction and Psychosomatic Complaints Authors: James P. Guthrie a; Patrick C. Flood b; Wenchuan Liu c; Sarah MacCurtain Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year Published in: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Volume 20, Issue 1 January 2009 , pages 112 125 Subject: Personnel and Human Resource Management; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract This study investigated the effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Attention was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences. A partly longitudinal research design was used to study 171 employees of seven companies (involved in construction, office work, and simple services). Measurements were taken 2 months before and 12 months after the conversion to new technologies. Job contents and employee participation were measured by objective instruments. New technologies increased psychosomatic complaints and changed job satisfaction, but the degree of change in these two variables depended on job contents, level of employee participation, and gender. Interactions between type of activity, participation, and gender were found and discussed as typical signs of the work situation with new technologies. Furthermore, effects of work with new technologies were interrelated with attitudes and individual differences. While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process. 4. Employee attitudes toward new technology in a unionized manufacturing plant Authors: Laszlo A. Pook a; M. Ellen Pook; Jaacutenos Fuumlstoumls b (Show Biographies) Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Journal of East-West Business, Volume 6, Issue 3 March 2001 , pages 93 110 Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract: The most important elements that influence how employees view technological change within organizations are formal advance notices of new technology, pre-existing job and power structure differences during the implementation of the changes, and work environment. Employee attitudes toward new technology in the workplace are more strongly affected by organizational rather than technical factors as commonly thought. Labor unions, contrary to popular belief, view technological change positively, and can be a contributing factor to the facilitation of change within the firm. 5. Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees strain and job satisfaction Authors: Christian Korunka; Oliver Vitouch Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Work Stress, Volume 13, Issue 4 October 1999 , pages 341 363 Subjects: Behavioral Medicine; Health Psychology; Occupational/Industrial Health Safety; Office Workplace; Work Organizational Psychology; Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees strain responses was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptation dem ands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not 6. The effects of new technology adoption on employee skills in the prosthetics profession Authors: H. Wagner a; A. Dainty b; R. Hague a; C. Tuck a; M. H. Ong a Publication Frequency: 24 issues per year Published in: International Journal of Production Research, Volume 46, Issue 22 November 2008 , pages 6461 6478 First Published: November 2008 Subjects: Logistics; Manufacturing Engineering; Manufacturing Industries; Manufacturing Technology; Operations Management; Production Quality Control Management; Production Research Economics; Production Systems; Production Systems Automation; Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Rapid manufacturing (RM) is an emerging technology that is set to revolutionize how products are manufactured. Past research has centred on processes, materials and costing, neglecting the vital issue of how the implementation of this new technology will affect the skills of workers. This work aims to evaluate how the skills of professionals working in the field of prosthetics are likely to be affected by the introduction of RM. Currently a highly skilled, manual process, this paper explores the hypothesis that the manufacture of prosthetic sockets would change fundamentally with the introduction of RM technology. This was evaluated through the use of the job characteristics model, which assesses the skills change and job satisfaction implications of applying new technology to traditional manufacturing processes. Conclusions showed that RM would have a significant impact on job roles in the prosthetics industry. Analysis found a positive outlook for the prosthetist, with the new tech nology increasing computer-based skills, and traditional prosthetic skills continuing to be used. The prosthetic technician bears the major impact 7. Risks in new product development and the satisfaction of Employees through technology Author: O. Joseph Akomode Published in: Production Planning Control, Volume 10, Issue 1 January 1999 , pages 35 47 Subjects: Engineering Project Management; Manufacturing Engineering; Operational Research; Operations Management; Production Quality Control Management; Production Systems; Quality Control Reliability; Abstract quately determined, poorly structured, under evaluated and vaguely expressed, problems may be increased in the subsequent risk management programme. This paper discusses the evaluation of risk elements associated with the development ofnew products/servicesand proposes a risk assessment method/ model for: (a) selecting potential products/services as a When risk factors associated with the development of a new product/service and customers satisfaction are inade tive mechanism; and (b) monitoring and measuring customers satisfaction. The main aims are to assist managers and other professionals with an analytical framework based on the potential of Information Technology (IT) for: (i) effective evaluation of business risks relating to the prediction and development of new products/services; and (ii) monitoring, measurement, feedback and control of customers satisfaction. The proposed method and models include the application of: (a) multicriteria decision making involving the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); (b) statistical computation involving Cronbachs reliability coefficient; and (c) survey validity. The proposed framework may support business risk evaluators concerned with the development of new products/services and the assessment of customers satisfaction in effective decision making, especially when attempting to improve a firms competitiveness and increase its profitability. Keywords: Risk; Evaluation; New; Product; Development; Analytic; Hierarchy; Process; Measuring; Customers; Satisfaction; Reliability/validity 8. The intention behavior gap in technology usage: the moderating role of attitude strength Authors: A. Bhattacherjee a; C. Sanford b b Department of MIS, College of Commerce, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Published in: Behaviour Information Technology First Published on: 29 January 2009 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Abstract Extant theories of information technology (IT) usage present users behavioural intention as the primary predictor of their IT usage behaviour. However, empirical evidence reveals only a low-to-medium effect size for this association. We call this inconsistency the ‘intention-behaviour gap, and argue that a clearer understanding of this gap requires a deeper theoretical examination of the conditions under which intentions may or may not influence behaviour. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. Using the elaboration-likelihood model, we propose two dimensions of attitude strength relevant to the IT usage context personal relevance and related expertise and theorise them to moderate the intention-behaviour association in a positive m anner. Results from a longitudinal field survey of document management system usage among governmental employees at Lviv City Hall, Ukraine support our theoretical hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. 9. The Influence of Technology-Enabled Customer Relationship Management on Customers Attitude toward Service Quality and Loyalty Authors: Hee â€Å"Andy† Lee a; Carolyn U. Lambert b b Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Published in: Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Volume 11, Issue 4 December 2008, pages 363 381 Abstract The main objective of this study was to test empirically the Paraguayan and Growls quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates the importance of relationships between technology and customers, employees, and the company. Survey participants were asked to evaluate scenarios describing a restaurant experience where customized services were provided through information technology and without customized services. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. Keywords: Customer relationship management (CRM); loyalty; service quality; perceived value; quality-value-loyalty chain model 10. Office Technology and Employee Attitudes Authors: Ronald Graef a; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi a; Susan McManama Gianinno a Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Leisure Studies, Volume 2, Issue 2 1983 , pages 155 168 Subjects: Leisure Studies; Social Geography; Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract The relationship between office computerization and employee gender and organizational level remains relatively unexplored. Based on earlier findings, this study predicted that individual attitudes towards technology would differ according to social background variables and the type of technology used. A survey of 81 office employees confirmed this and found that personal computers had effects statistically different from word processors and mainframe terminals. The implications for researchers as well as practitioners are discussed 11. Measuring intrinsic motivation in everyday life Authors: Urs E. Gattiker, Barbara A. Gutter ,Dale E. Berger Publication Frequency: 3 issues per year SUBJECT: Office Technology and Employee Attitudes Published in: International Journal of Production Research, Volume 46, Issue 22 November 2006 , pages 461 478 First Published: November 2006 Abstract The question of motivation — of what makes people behave the way they do — has always been a primary concern. Since Thorndikes Law of Effect was published in 1911, the reasons for and the prediction of human (and animal) behavior has been extensively researched. The purpose of this paper is to expand motivational research by applying a newly developed research technology to an area of human behavior that has so far not been studied systematically, namely, everyday experiences. Specifically, we are interested in exploring two basic questions about motivation: 1. how often do people describe their everyday experiences as being free and intrinsically motivating; and 2. what is the relationship between intrinsically rewarding experiences and psychological well-being, or the overall sense of satisfaction with ones life 12. Task technology fit and individual performance Author : Dale L. Goodhue Information and decision sciences University of Minnesota Subject: Task Technology Fit and individual performance Minneapolis. MN 55455 U.S.A Abstract A key concern in information system research has been to better understand the linkage between information system and individual performance. The research reported in this study has two primary objectives. (1) To propose a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates valuable insights from two complementary streams of research and (2) To empirically test the core of the model. At the heart of the new model is the assertion that for an information technology to have a positive impact on individual performance 13. Technologist-entrepreneurs versus non-entrepreneurial technologists: analysis of motivational triggering factors Authors: Erkko Autio a; Ilkka Kauranen a Published in: Entrepreneurship Regional Development, Volume 6, Issue 4 October 1994 , pages 315 328 Subjects: Economic Geography; Entrepreneurship; Regional Geography Human Geography; Abstract Here the motivational characteristics of technologist-entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial technologists are compared. A factor analysis divides entrepreneurial motivations into four groups: exploitation of environmental opportunities, internal personal motivations, technology push motivations, and market pull motivations. The analysis suggests that, of these, internal personal motivations may be decisive for the decision to establish a new firm. While non-entrepreneurial technologists stress the importance of environmental, opportunities, technologist-entrepreneurs stress the importance of internal personal motivations. Technology push motivations and market pull motivations do not seem to distinguish technologist-entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurial technologists. These findings have implications for the efforts to encourage the formation of new, technology-based firms in research communities. It is recommended that, in addition to designing support programmes aimed at encouragi ng researchers to establish new firms, increased effort should be directed at attracting potential entrepreneurs to research institutions. This aim can be achieved, for example, by working conditions in the research institutions emulating those of the science park. 14. The Influence of Technology-Enabled Employee Relationship Management on Employees Attitude Toward Service Quality and Loyalty Authors: Hee â€Å"Andy† Lee a; Carolyn U. Lambert b Published in: Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Volume 11, Issue 4 December 2008 , pages 363 381 Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Health Safety Aspects of Computing; Human Computer Interaction; Human Performance Modelling; Social Aspects of Computing IT; User Interface; Web Usability; Abstract The main objective of this study was to test empirically the Parasuraman and Grewals quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates the importance of relationships between technology and customers, employees, and the company. Survey participants were asked to evaluate scenarios describing a restaurant experience where customized services were provided through information technology and without customized services. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. 15. The Intention-behavior gap in technology usage: the moderating role of attitude strength Authors: Laszlo A. Pook a; M. Ellen Pook; Jaacutenos Fuumlstoumls b (Show Biographies) Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year Published in: Journal of East-West Business, Volume 6, Issue 3 March 2001 , pages 93 110 Formats available: PDF (English) Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Abstract Extant theories of information technology (IT) usage present users behavioral intention as the primary predictor of their IT usage behaviour. However, empirical evidence reveals only a low-to-medium effect size for this association. We call this inconsistency the ‘intention-behaviour gap, and argue that a clearer understanding of this gap requires a deeper theoretical examination of the conditions under which intentions may or may not influence behaviour. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. Using the elaboration-likelihood model, we propose two dimensions of attitude strength relevant to the IT usage context personal relevance and related expertise and theorise them to moderate the intention-behaviour association in a positive ma nner. Results from a longitudinal field survey of document management system usage among governmental employees at Lviv City Hall, Ukraine support our theoretical hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. DISCUTION 1. Developing world needs to improve technology to compete with the developed countries and getting the facility of work as well. This article shows that science and technology can make an important and vital contribution to development, using public health as an example. It suggests the need to focus investments in science and technology in such a way that they can have a positive impact on public health This study explained the topic dividing it into 4 parts, (1) Primary objective, (2) . Methods and procedures, (3) Main outcomes and results, (4) Conclusions. Using these three points much research and implication has been completed. several theories of motivation, decision making, and technology acceptance are reviewed and associated theory-based principles of HIT usage behavior are produced 3. Here the main findings is effects of new technologies, specifically visual display units, on psychosomatic complaints and job satisfaction. Basically it drew the Attention which was focused on the influences of the work situation (job contents, employee participation), of attitudes and individual differences 4. How employees view technological change within organizations are formal advance notices of new technology, pre-existing job and power structure differences during the implementation of the changes, and work environment that is the prime focus in this abstract. Employee attitudes toward new technology in the workplace are more strongly affected by organizational rather than technical factors as commonly thought. This study is basically context dependent approach where there is a survey on ten companies mentioned here and also mentioned the longitudinal design of Vienna. The implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables; a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. This was evaluated through the use of the job characteristics model, which assesses the skills change and job satisfaction implications of applying new technology to traditional manufacturing processes. The prosthetic technician bears the major impact, deskilled by the loss of many of the craft skills. However, the new role may appeal to the younger generation, and lowered skill requirements may help increase prosthetics services worldwide. The proposed framework may support business risk evaluators concerned with the development of new products/services and the assessment of employee satisfaction in effective decision making, especially when attempting to improve a firms competitiveness and increase its profitability. Drawing on recent attitude theoretic research in social psychology, we distinguish between two types of attitudes strong versus weak and suggest that the intention-behaviour association may hold for users with strong attitudes but is likely to be weaker for those with weak attitudes. The principal finding was that participants evaluated service quality in the customized service setting higher and the assurance factor had a positive linear relationship with attitude toward personal information utilization by a service provider. This study predicted that individual attitudes towards technology would differ according to social background variables and the type of technology used 11. The purpose of this paper is to expand motivational research by applying a newly developed research technology to an area of human behavior that has so far not been studied systematically, namely, everyday experiences. Specifically, we are interested in exploring two basic questions about motivation The research reported in this study has two primary objectives. To propose a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates valuable insights from two complementary streams of research and To empirically test the core of the model. At the heart of the new model is the assertion that for an information technology to have a positive impact on individual performance. Technology push motivations and market pull motivations do not seem to distinguish technologist-entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurial technologists. These findings have implications for the efforts to encourage the formation of new, technology-based firms in research communities. To test empirically the Parasuraman and Grewals quality-value-loyalty chain model (2000) in a restaurant context is the main objective of this study. The quality-value-loyalty chain model integrates t