Murphy Surname Meaning and Family History

Murphy Surname Meaning and Family History The regular Irish last name Murphy is a cutting edge type of the antiquated Irish name OMurchadha, which implies relative of ocean warrior, or solid, predominant, from the Gaelic muir meaning ocean andâ cathâ meaning fight. The family name Murphy (counting its variation structures) is the most well-known last name in Ireland. Murphy is additionally well known in the United States, where it is the 58th most regular family name dependent on 2000 enumeration information. Last name Origin: Irish Interchange Surname Spellings: MURPHEY, MORPHY, OMORCHOE, MCMURPHY, OMURPHY, OMURCHU Celebrated People with the Surname MURPHY Eddie Murphyâ -American on-screen character and comedianGeorge Murphy - entertainer and U.S. SenatorRyan Murphy -  American producer, screenwriter and directorJohn Murphy - Irish Roman Catholic minister; one of the pioneers of the Irish Rebellion of 1798Michael Murphy - Irish Roman Catholic cleric; United Irishmanâ leader during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Where is the MURPHY Surname Most Commonly Found? Ancestors positions Murphy as the most mainstream family name in Ireland, and the ninth most regular last name in Northern Ireland. Murphy is additionally genuinely normal in Australia (45th), Canada (46th) and the United States (53rd). Inside Ireland, Murphy is generally normal in Cork and Wexford. Information from WorldNames PublicProfiler concurs, distinguishing the Murphy family name as generally basic in southern Ireland.â Parentage Resources for the Surname MURPHY 100 Most Common U.S. Last names Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... It is safe to say that you are one of the a great many Americans brandishing one of these best 100 regular last names from the 2000 evaluation? Murphy Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is nothing of the sort as a Murphyâ family peak or emblem for the Murphy surname. Coats of arms are allowed to people, not families, and may legitimately be utilized distinctly by the continuous male line relatives of the individual to whom the ensign was initially conceded. Murphy Family DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Murphy last name and varieties are welcome to join this undertaking committed to consolidating the aftereffects of DNA testing with ancestry exploration to distinguish different Murphy family lines. The Murphy Family: Genealogical, Historical and BiographicalFree, online release of a 1909 book on the Murphy Family by Michael Walter Downes. From Internet Archive. Murphy ClanLearn about Murphy ancestry, the Murphy escutcheon, family history, and the sky is the limit from there. Murphy Family Genealogy ForumSearch this mainstream ancestry discussion for the Murphy last name to discover other people who may be investigating your progenitors, or post your own Murphy question. FamilySearch - MURPHY GenealogyExplore over 6â millionâ historical records which notice people with the Murphy last name, just as online Murphy family trees on this free site facilitated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MURPHY Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb has a few free mailing records for specialists of the Murphy last name. DistantCousin.com - MURPHY Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and parentage joins for the last name Murphy. GeneaNet - Murphy RecordsGeneaNet incorporates authentic records, family trees, and different assets for people with the Murphyâ surname, with a fixation on records and families from France and other European nations. The Murphy Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and connections to genealogical and chronicled records for people with the last name Murphyâ from the site of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket version), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Bullying in the united states of america Research Paper

Harassing in the US of america - Research Paper Example (Salamone and Pesce 2010). The rundown really contained a developing number of casualties and these names referenced here were simply part of numerous instances of tormenting that happen in American schools today. These episodes should fill in as a reminder to policymakers, school directors and the general public itself with the end goal for them to focus, find a way to address the issue. The quantity of blameless lives that are being asserted by this national pandemic ought not be allowed to become significantly further, particularly given the way that we can take care of business. Why is Bullying Dangerous? So as to comprehend why harassing must be halted for the last time, everybody ought to know about what it is. This is essential in light of the fact that there may in any case be individuals out there who laugh at these episodes and see them as some minor prodding or school fights that are normally part of growing up. The quantity of intrigue gatherings and academic work on torm enting has come about to a few delineations of harassing. For instance, Robert Thomas (2006) clarified that it is the demonstration of tormenting an individual in a manner he loathes. (p. 135) JaredStory.com a reason arranged site established by the mother of a domineering jerk's casualty went similarly as considering it a littler scope psychological warfare on the grounds that the harasser utilizes terrorizing and dread to compromise, disturb and attack a more vulnerable person. (2011) Then, Fried and Sosland (2009) refered to insulting, excluding and mocking past perseverance as harassing and highlighted the development of the word/idea called bullycide that came to allude to youngsters who end it all on account of tormenting. (p. 14) The sheer number of clarifications doesn't speak to contrasts or some similarity to banter concerning harassing. The case is that every ha their own rendition to this wonder, which is in a general sense about a predictable attack - physical, mental, oral - on a more fragile individual by a more grounded menace. In an examination attempted by Bradley (2007), it was discovered that: 1) 33% of center school understudies have felt risky at school because of tormenting; and, 2) in any event 10% of secondary school understudies who dropped out of school refered to dread of harassing as the reason. (p. 1) Hernandez (2006) additionally shared bleak insights in his own examination, expressing, â€Å"nearly 30% of American younger students have been engaged with some part of bullying,† with 13% self-revealed of being menaces, 10.6% announced being harassed, and 6.3% detailed being both a casualty and a domineering jerk. (p. 61) The measurements as spoke to by crafted by Bradley and Hernandez is dreaded to be a long way from precise on the grounds that it is accepted that numerous frequency of tormenting go unreported. An upsetting improvement today is the rise of the purported cyberbullying, â€Å"the utilization of data and corr espondence innovations to help intentional, rehashed, and threatening conduct by an individual or gathering that is planned to hurt others.† (Evans 2007, p. 14) This sort of harassing is progressively turning out to be noteworthy in light of the fact that it will in general amplify the impacts of animosity ten times. Due to the innovative and correspondence progressions today, numerous instruments are presently accessible to understudies that empower them to menace people at a rate, degree and recurrence that has never observed. Access to cell phones, the Internet, including its numerous long range informal communication sites are helpfully offering intense intends to hurt, pester and mortify an

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which Business Schools Received the Most Applications During the 20152016 Season

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which Business Schools Received the Most Applications During the 2015â€"2016 Season Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes simplify the many differences among the various MBA programs. This week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. Many business schools’ first-round deadlines are only a few months away, and applicants around the world are gearing up for the challenge. Before the 2016â€"2017 application season kicks off, let’s take a look at the 2015â€"2016 seasonâ€"namely, which schools received the most applications. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Harvard Business School (HBS) was the most popular, as nearly 10,000 individuals applied to the school. The Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) came in second with 7,899 applications, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania received 6,590 applications and was third in terms of volume. New York Cityâ€"based Columbia Business School (CBS) and the New York University (NYU) Stern School of Business were also both popular choices, with 5,829 and 3,696 applications, respectively. Which schools will receive the most applications during the 2016â€"2017 season? Stay tuned! Share ThisTweet B-School Charts Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business) University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

ThePensters APA Article Review Example of Reliability, Professionalism and Experience

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Antigone By Sophocles A Moral And Legal Battle - 951 Words

In the play Antigone by Sophocles, the title character is engaged in a moral and legal battle with King Creon. The king has issued a legal verdict against the brother of Antigone. He is to be left to rot in the battlefield, rather than be buried. As such, his body will be eaten by vultures and not be given the honor of burial. This was considered the worst punishment that could be given at the time. Antigone believes that this is wrong. She decides to go against the legal orders of the king, or the law and bury her brother. Mostly, Antigone chooses to listen to a higher order: her moral conscience. In doing so, she commits an act of civil disobedience. While the play is an ancient one, this is an ongoing issue throughout society. Since the play was first performed, there have been numerous episodes of civil disobedience by individuals in society (Leshak 2009). They continue to the present. This paper will discuss the issue between Antigone and the King. It will then dis cuss how this play is still relevant to the modern world through the message of civil disobedience. The play is one of Sophocles’ most famous works. It was written around 441 BCE. In the opening, Thebes is enduring a civil war. Two brothers choose to fight on opposite sides of the war. The new king is Creon. He has opted to recognize one brother for distinction while shaming the other publicly. Eteocles is given public honor and Polyneices has been condemned to rot on the battlefieldShow MoreRelatedA Man Defeated By His Flaws in Sophocles’ play, â€Å"Antigone† 995 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sophocles’ play, â€Å"Antigone† translated by Robert Fitzgerald and Dudley Fitts, Creon believes his laws surpass the laws written by the gods but his real flaw is his belief in masculine superiority and his self-destructive pride. In Greek literature, a tragedy means a sad story in which a hero is defeated because of his flaws and through this the audie nce will have a better understanding of themselves and the world. King Creon takes the audience thru his journey of ego, stubbornness and sufferingRead MoreThe Prevailing Message Throughout Sophocles Antigone And King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1251 Words   |  6 Pagesprevailing message throughout Sophocles’ Antigone and King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail is that civil disobedience serves the purpose of fighting and correcting injustice in situations where systemic breaks in adherence to natural law occurs. Injustice here as used here is not to be synonymous with things that are simply unlawful or unfair, but instead takes on a deeper and more specific definition pertaining to the natural moral codes that all laws, as argued by King and Antigone, ought to be based uponRead MoreThe Effects of Greek Theatre on Women3640 Words   |  15 Pagesmythological or heroic story, and that an actor was introduced to answer questions posed by the choral group. The Greek wor d for actor is hypokrites, which literally meaning the one who answers. Tragedy underwent to major changes due to Aeschylus and Sophocles, both who added an actor. Tragedy, the main style of Greek theatre went through numerous changes, reflecting the changing culture. â€Å"This ever changing people’s history is left in the few remaining volumes the works of comedy, tragedy, and satireRead MoreEssay Ritual Pollution and Homicide Cases1818 Words   |  8 Pagescertain crimes – e.g. homicide – disrupted the sanctity of their city, causing an imbalance they referred to as â€Å"pollution.† Restoring balance was of the utmost importance. Otherwise, they believed that the gods would punish them with losses in battle, bad crops, and an overall miserable existence. Rituals played a very important role in ancient Greek society. Certain cities, sites, and temples were sacred. The tradition of naming certain spiritual places areas of asylum was Asylia. These asylumsRead MoreHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pagesidea-  the problem to be tested in Greek Old Comedy, usually established in the prologue. 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For example, some accounts say that  Elpinice  was for a time married toRead MoreThe Origin, Development and Significance of Human Rights10255 Words   |  42 Pagessocial as well as natural forces, resulting in exploitation, oppression, persecution, and other forms of deprivation. Deeply rooted in these twin observations are the beginnings of what today are called human rights and the national and international legal processes that are associated with them. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT The expression human rights is relatively new, having come into everyday parlance only since World War II, the founding of the United Nations in 1945,and the adoption by the UN General

Human Services Social Services Essay example - 1337 Words

As time passes by, life gets more challenging for many people out there, in our community. There are those who become disadvantaged such as the handicapped, those who are unemployed, and those who come of age and are in need of special attention. Luckily there are specific organizations which address these needs in the community, like senior care centers or shelters. Also, there are big charities that take in patients with no income, patients that are diagnosed with diseases, and those who suffer from isolation. Many organizations such as Caritas of Austin, Crisis Assistance Ministry, Camphill Village Kimberton Hills, and Homeland Center are charities which assist their communities in times of recession, poverty, and special assistance.†¦show more content†¦(Caritas of Austin) Similarly, to Caritas, Crisis Assistance Ministry (CAM) is a religious affiliated charity that assists people in poverty and in economic hardships. Due to an economic fall in the 1970s, concerns of how to assist families in low income were being brought into discussion. Shortly after, Crisis Assistance Ministry opened and began to address these needs in 1975. Unlike, Caritas, CAM’s prime focus is assisting lower income individuals with financing resources, rather than delivering meals to the homeless. However, CAM does hold a department called â€Å"Free Store† which supports their value of dignity by providing clothes and other items such as furniture free of charge, allowing the homeless and families in need to save the money for basic needs. â€Å"It is our mission to provide assistance and advocacy for people in financial crisis, helping them move toward self-sufficiency† (Our Mission, Vision†¦). CAM’s financial assistance program is divided into two categories—rent and utilities. Individuals on the verge of losing their home or apartment are qualified to seek help from CAM. They may be able to support the individual with a portion of their mortgage. Counseling is also available to discuss different ways of how to maintain a better credit and management of income. As to utilities, similar to rent, if the individual is at risk of having their utilities cut off, they are qualified for CAM to helpShow MoreRelatedHuman Services And Social Services1602 Words   |  7 PagesHuman services organizations assist people in the community to find resources and social services that will meet their needs. Our society experiences suffering from different avenues such as healthcare, housing, education, etc., that causes us to go and ask for help at the offices of human services. Many people do not have the resources available so they need someone to turn to for the basic needs of life. Quite frequently a question is raised as to wha t has gone wrong with our society today, whatRead MoreHuman Services Professional or Social Workers Code and Ethics542 Words   |  3 Pagesrelationship with a client. There are so many issues that are faced by a human service professional, explaining all of them may be difficult. In this field there are issues such as burnout, secondary trauma, compassion satisfaction, dual relationships, and boundary issues. (Reamer, F. (2012). As human services professional or social workers there is a code of ethics. In statement 6 of the code of ethics, it states human services experts must be mindful that in their associations with customers/clientsRead MoreOccupational Therapist, Social And Human Service Assistant, Pharmacist, And Veterinarian1036 Words   |  5 Pagescareers that I decided to further research are: occupational therapist, social and human service assistant, pharmacist, and veterinarian. An occupational therapist treat ill and/or disabled patients to regain the ability to do everyday activities. These patients could range from working with children, old adults, ones without a limb, alzheimer patients, and etc. They could also work at hospitals, schools, home health care services, or go to the patient’s home directly. This career requires a master’sRead MoreEssay on Unit 9 the Welfare System Human Services and Social Policy2040 Words   |  9 PagesFranklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy Franklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy To understand the â€Å"Welfare System† one must know its history. The American welfare system has changed dramatically over the past 80 years. A 100 years ago, families, local communities, and charities; typically religious based, served as the safety net for those who had fallen on hard times. The Great Depression of the 1930s would see a change in social policy with the passingRead MoreTheories Of The Field Of Multidisciplinary Human Services : Social Exchange Theory, And Systems Theory3894 Words   |  16 Pages Theories Human Services is a disciplinary geared towards meeting the needs of people from a multiple knowledge bases (What is human services?, 2013). Multidisciplinary human services is an approach to involving a variety of disciplines to address a topic or problem (Multidisciplinary Human Services Specialization, n.d.). This paper will compare and contrast three commonly applied theories to research in the field of multidisciplinary human services: social exchange theory, roleRead MoreUtilizing Online Social Networking Sites Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking Business and Human Services organizations all over the world try to look for different ways to improve and be successful. One of the ways organizations have been able to maintain success is by networking and linking themselves with similar organizations. A website that provides organizations with this type of networking is LinkedIn. In week two I was given the task to research and understand why such sites as LinkedIn help human service organizations stay connected with theirRead MoreIn social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and900 Words   |  4 Pages In social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and make friends with other people with similar interests or from the same school or company etc. Mobile social networking servicesto connect to their social communities with a mobile device, through one or more available mobile channels. Members share experiences, interests, opinions, presence information and personal content through their mobile devices. Mobile adds new capabilities to social networkingRead MoreSocial Networking Services Success Essay examples1026 Words   |  5 PagesVarious social networking services have achieved enormous success at the first decade of the 21st century. Up to 2010, more than 500 million users globally have been regularly using Facebook (Kirkpatrick, 2010, 2). For this purpose in this essay, social networking site is defined as an online platform where socially related users can communicate and share information with each other, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Renren. It has long been a question that whether these services brought moreRead MorePopular Culture Analysis : Social Media And Business1283 Words   |  6 PagesStudent’s Name Tutor’s Name Culture June 17, 2015 Popular Culture Analysis: Social Media and Business Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, LinkedIn, and Instagram, are extremely popular social media sites found on the internet. None of these sites would have emerged had it not been for the development of the computer, and then, the internet. Today, thanks largely to the internet, communicating globally have become very simple. Gone are the days when people sent letters by post, or in case of emergenciesRead MoreEssay about Social Media and Behavioral Effects1112 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolutionary of its technologies, social media, didn’t achieve mainstream popularity until about ten years ago. As a result of this new development, Facebook, Twitter, and similar services are becoming the most visited destinations on the internet. These websites allow users to quickly and easily share pictures, links, ideas and messages with other users; theoretically facilitating social interaction. But do these self-proclaimed social networking tools actually encourage healthy human interaction? T he evidence

Case Study of Thermal Comfort in House free essay sample

Solutions, issues and problem identifications for each individual rooms has been the aim of this report. Besides that, this report also provides procedure and method dealing with the thermal comfort in each room. 1. 1 Introduction Modern man spend most of their days indoor, therefore, thermal comfort is an important aspect of the building design process. Satisfaction with the thermal environment is expressed through the state of mind which defines thermal comfort. Extensive standardization and modelling exists for thermal comfort, which depends both on physiological and physical parameters. The heat exchange between the environment and the human body, can be described as the characteristic of the environment. Theres no rule for thermal comfort, it involves so many aspect including psychology, physiology, building sciences and many scientific fields which makes this matter even more complex. Page 2 Table of Content 1. Abstract 1. 1 Introduction 2. 0 Basic principles and requirements of Thermal Comfort 2. 1 Environmental Factors 2. 1. 1 Air Temperature 2. 1. 2 Radiant Temperature 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study of Thermal Comfort in House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 3 Air Velocity 2. 1. 4 Humidity 2. Personal Factor 2. 2. 1 Clothing insulation 2. 2. 2 Metabolic Heat 3. 0 Background of selected building 3. 1 Floor plans and spaces 3. 2 Macroclimate 4. 0 Justification of case study 4. 1 Issues and recommendations 4. 1. 1 Living hall 4. 1. 2 Room 1 4. 1. 3 Stairway 4. 1. 4 Room 3 5 4. 1. 5 Room 6 4. 1. 6 Overall Building 5. 0 Conclusion 6. 0 References 21 22 9 7 6 4 5 2 Page 3 2. 0 Basic Principles and requirements of Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort According to P. O Fanger, thermal comfort of a building is affected by six kinds of parameters. Besides, these six parameters of thermal comfort can be separated into two different kind of factors and they are the personal and environment factors and they are as below: Environmental factor 1. Humidity 2. Air Velocity 3. Radiant Temperature 4. Air Temperature Personal Factor 1. Metabolic heat 2. Clothing Insulation image showing the six elements of thermal comfort Page 4 2. 1 Environmental factors: 2. 1. 1. Air temperature our body are surrounded by air temperature and they are usually measure in (Â °F). Fahrenheit or (Â °C) Degrees. 2. 1. Radiant temperature Heat that radiates from warm object is called as thermal radiant. When theres ehat sources around the environment, radiant heat will be present. On how we lose and gain heat through the environment, radiant temperature has a greater influence compared to the air temperature. By wearing reflective clothing, our skin absorbs less heat but without it, our skin absorbs heat as much as a matt black object. Here are a few examp les of radiant heat sources and they are molten metals, machinery, hot surfaces, dryers, cookers, walls in kilns, ovens, steam rollers, urnaces, electric fired, fire, sun and more. 2. 1. 3 Air velocity If air velocity is cooler than the environment, the speed of air moving across worker may cool them down. People are most sensitive to air velocity thus its more important factor in thermal comfort. People feel stuffy in a stagnant or stilled air indoor environments. Especiall when they are artificially heated up. 2. 1. 4. Humidity Humidity is provided when water is heated and evaporated into the air resulting humid and wet in air. 70% to 40% of relative humidity wouldnt cause impact on thermal comfort Page 5 . 2 Personal factors: 2. 2. 1. Clothing insulation By its very nature, clothing can interfere with our ability to lose heat to the surroundings. On wearer, thermal comfort is largely dependent on the insulating effect of clothing. Even when the environment is in perfect condition , not hot or cold, wearing too much of personal protective equipment (PPE) or wearing too much clothing maybe be a major cause for heat stress. Cold injuries such as hypothermia and frost bite may be caused on the wearer if he/she didnt not wear enough clothing with insulation in cold conditions. . 2. 2. Work rate/metabolic heat For thermal risk assessment, metabolic or work rate is essential. As we carry out physical activities, we produce heat from the inner of our bodies. The more heat we produce when the more physical work we do. The most heat will be lost when the more heat we produce. This is to prevent body from overheating. On thermal comfort, the impact of metabolic rate is critical. Most importantly, It is vital to consider the persons own physical characteristics when considering these factors. Page 6 3. 0 Background of selected building The selected building in this report is located at Townhouse 2, 279 Sandgate Road, Shortland, New South Wales 2307. Its the first house behind townhouse 1, it cant really be seen from Sandgate road. This house is a double storey building with approximately of 400 square meters of interior spaces. Townhouse 2 , 279, Sandgate Road 3. 1 Floor Plans and spaces The ground floor consists of two bedrooms, a living hall, kitchen, dining area, utility area and a small bathroom, while the first floor consists of just four bedrooms with individual bathrooms. Page 7 Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan In this case study, both levels are being analyzed in terms of thermal comfort. 3. 2 Macroclimate During summer times, the weather of New South Wales coastal area is slightly humid and temperate and usual is slightly humid and temperate and usual free from extreme cold or hot. The selected case study is located at Shortland Sandgate road, right next to the University of Newcastle. below is the image of major climate for University of Newcastle. image showing climate of UON. www. bom. gov. au/climate/average Page 8 4. Justification of case study In this case study, experiences and justification of human are used to analyse things around the room/ building without any data collection. 4. 1 Issues and recommendations In this case study, both storey will be analysed according to different feels and observation of the author. Issues of the space will be noted out and recommendations will be provided to further improve thermal comfort in the house. 4. 1. 1 Living Hall Plan indicating living hall location in the house. Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: The living hall and kitchen is at the north side of the building. But the building is cold all year round. This is probably because the North exposure to sunlight is not enough. The kitchen has blocked half of the north exposure and there are a lot of trees outside the house that blocked the direct sunlight into the house. The house is in dark most of the time of the day. Page 9 Issues and recommendations of the area. Hard floor finishes Floor on the living hall to be ceramic tiles because when these tiles which lay on the concrete slab will increase the thermal mass and has ability to store heat in it. during summer, this can improve the cooling of the house, provided all windows are to be shaded. t works the best for places with good north sunlight access, therefore, this place needs more openings to the north as well. Maximize Window opportunity. By maximizing windows towards the north area, more sunlight can be directed into the house. Of course, with sun shades and blinds on the window as well to prevent overexposure to the sunlight. Relocatin g the trees outside the house. Trees outside the house can be relocated to behind the kitchen to avoid blocking direct sunlight into the living area. Image indicating relocation of plants outside living and kitchen area Page 10 4. 1. Room 1 Plan indicating location of Room 1 Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: Room one main window is facing to the West and strong afternoon summer sunlight is shone directly into the users room, this makes the room hot during summer time. Image of room 1 from exterior Page 11 Issues and recommendations of the area. Image showing how slab can control sunlight entry during different season. A slab is recommended to be installed above room ones window to cut off summer sunlight. by this way, sun will not be directed into the room and it can stay cool during summer . The slab length should be considerate to allow winter sunlight to shine into the building and heat up the room. 4. 1. 3 Stairway Plan indicating the location of stairway Page 12 Stairway in the house Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: The stairway/ central of the house is dark and feels congested as there are no ventilations around this area. It feels uncomfortable and it amkes people sneeze walking up the stairs. Issues and recommendations of the area. image showing the exhaust system recommended http://www. 123rf. com/photo_10021797_ventilation-system It is recommended to install a ventilation system on the stairway. in the central area of the house, which is the stairways connecting ground floor to the first floor, dedicated exhaust ventilation fan connected to fresh air duct is installed on the area. This exhaust fan is operated manually although it can be connected to cooling system operation, heating operation, humidistat or a timer. The good side about this system is that humidistat or timer can be used to allow ventilations at a specific time of the day, or when the house is too humid inside or when one of the pollutants in house is high. This dedicated exhaust fan is smaller than typical furnace blower, It provides maximum control for occupants as well. Page 13 4. 1. 4 Room 6. Plan indicating the location of room 6 View of room 6 from exterior Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: Rooms 6 is the coldest among all rooms during winter, It is the additional room added few months ago, and it was supposed to be a upper living hall. The floor is made up of tiles and the inner walls are timber with cladding on outer walls. The North window is small as well. Walls of this room are temporary and it is all low in thermal mass. Page 14 Besides, room 6 is cold probably because it has low thermal mass on the walls. The external cladding and internal timber wall has very low thermal mass. The wall couldnt absorb as much heat from the morning sun compared to other part of the house. image showing low thermal mass wall at room 6 Issues and recommendations of the area. Due to its small opening towards the North, this room is quite cool during the summer which is good, but extremely cold during winter. Recommendation for this room can be using carpet as the floor material. Recommended floor covering: Carpet Heat absorption of thermal mass are affected by surface texture and colour. Concrete slab with soft floor finishes carpet on it usually work better on thermal ,ass as the carpet slows and delay thermal entry into the slab. The roo temperature will rise in about 1-2 degree celcius because of carpet, which is really good in winter but not that good in summer. Room 6 have been complaint by user that it is always cold, therefore carpet is a better choice. Due to absorption of heat by thermal mass from carpet, this effect will decrease the needs of heating energy requirements during winter time. Image showing comparison between carpet ceramic tiles Page 15 While carpet lowers winter energy consumption, it increases summer energy requirements, which is good as this room is always cold. WALL selection: Double Brick on concrete slab Image showing high thermal mass walls As for room 6s wall selection, of all selections, brick wall are selected. A wall in a building account 60-70% of thermal mass. Floor area only account 30-40% of thermal mass. The more thermal the better the building. For highest energy savings and comfort benefits, a double brick wall on concrete slab is selected. Page 16 . 1. 5 Room 3 5 Plan indicated the location of Room 3 5. Bedroom 3 Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: Upper levels room like room 3 and room 5 always get overheated during the summer. Due to its higher level from the ground and big exposure of windows towards the west and north, this two rooms gets really hot during summers afternoon. Issues and recommendations of th e area. Upper storey of a building are often built with light weighted construction, with either weatherboard or brick veneers, therefore, they have a potential for being overheat in the summer. Page 17 For overheating to not happen in this house, as much thermal mass as possible should be incorporated on the upper level of this building. With techniques that build masonry or concrete into the structure, continuation of ground floor double brick construction , internal brick walls and concrete slab floor, thermal mass will be provided. To avoid overheating, windows to the east should be minimized as well. the window towards north at the upper levels are to be restricted to lesser than 10% of the upper gross floor area. Good cross ventilation is important too, thats why positioning of windows are important, not forgetting to shade them well. Page 18 4. 1. 6 Overall House View of overall house in bricks externally timber internally. Observation and analysis based on sensory of the analyser: As mentioned above and as shown in the picture above. The whole house is made up of brick externally but timber internally. The house especially ground floor and room 4 6 at first floor are cold at all times. Timber wall internally seems to be not working. For maximum effectiveness, thermal mass should be insulated from external temperature. For example, the thermal mass should exist within the insulated walls. If the external envelope is not insulated, the benefits of thermal mass is considerably reduced. Therefore, brick venner walls dont quite comply with the thermal mass requirements. it gives out little thermal mass benefits as the brick are outside of the insulated cavity. Issues and recommendations of the area. Reverse brick veneer Reverse brick veneer is the reversing of brick veneer solution that places the brickwork on the inside rather than outside. Internal timber framing from the typical brick veneer construction are placed outside instead, a reverse of traditional way of doing it. By doing this way, typical timber styled buildings can achieve the same thermal mass rating as a double Page 19 bricked home. The high thermal mass of brickwork can be taken in advantage this way by reversing the brick veneer. it insulates the room rather than insulates the outside. Besides, the brick sin in within the insulated envelope. Bets way of doing this is to used it with concrete slab floor. Image showing Reverse brick veneer on concrete slab Compared to traditional brick veneer, the heating needs for this reverse brick veneer is a lot higher although summer savings outweigh this. Not the entire home should be used with reverse brick veneer, but the most important part of the building that needs this is the North facing side rooms. Any type of light weighted external cladding can be used as the external skin for this construction. Page 20 5. Conclusion Many issues have been realised in the selected case studies and different kind of recommendations have been given to overcome those thermal comfort problems. Hopefully with different kind of recommendations for the selected case study, thermal comfort in the house can be enhanced. Page 21 6. References Fondriest. (2010). What is Air Temperature? Retrieved 24th April, 2013, from https://www. fondriest. com/news/airtemperature. htm Sustainable energy info, retrieved 25th April, from http://www. sustainability. vic. gov. au/resources/documents/thermal_mass. pdf Thermal mass in passive solar design, retrieved 24th April, from http://www. mnn. com/yourhome/remodeling-design/stories/thermal-mass-in-passive-solar-design Executive, H. a. S. (2013). The Six Basic Factors. Retrieved 20April,2013,,from http://www. hse. gov. uk/temperature/thermal/factors. htm Page 22